A few more research findings, to shed light on some other aspects of Chinese and American culture.
One question asked of participants:
Tom is about to graduate from high school. He decides he doesn’t want to go to college, despite his parents’ wishes. Instead, he wants to join a rock band. What will the family members all say to one another? What will happen in the end? Who is right?
王二快要高中毕业了。虽然他的父母希望他上大学,但是他不想上大学,想组一个摇滚乐团。你觉得王二会怎么样和他的父母说?他的父母又会怎样反应? 最后他们会决定怎么做? 你会支持哪一边?
The Chinese and American responses differ sharply, with the Americans generally supportive of Tom despite his likely failure, and the Chinese in favor of the parents.
In their reasoning the Americans employ a cultural model I’ve called Follow Your Dreams: humans get one life; each human has unique talents; we are duty-bound to develop and express our talents; therefore Tom has a duty at least to try and be a rock star. One respondent offered up what became my favorite quote in the entire data set: “You have to do what you want to do.”
The Chinese focus more on the likely economic downsides of such an impractical venture. Wáng Èr (Tom’s Chinese alter-ego) can keep rock music as a hobby, but forget about it as a profession.
The question raises deep issues about what a human life is fundamentally about. Per usual, American assumptions that all humans inherently want, even need, to “follow their dreams” at the expense of everything else isn’t as universal or powerful as we might think. There is a lot of cross-cultural pull to following dreams; it just doesn’t rule the roost as decisively as Americans often assume it does.
More on this tomorrow.
I wonder if the responses you got are possible by shaped by factors other than the cognitive models you are looking into. What associations to people have with being a rock musician in mainland China? I would guess that they are quite different from the cultural associations in the US. For example, I would imagine that being a rock musician in China might be viewed as more subversive or even politically dangerous. Is rock music as generally accepted as good music among people of all ages in China as it is in the US?
It seems that this question was crafted with American culture in mind. What would be the prototypical low-paying follow-your-dreams job in China? What if someone wanted to pursue being an erhu player, or practicing traditional Chinese medicine? How would American respondents answer these question with these vocations inserted? Or if “rap star” were substituted for “rock star”?
I don’t mean to cast doubt on the main point of your post, I’m just not that other issues aren’t muddying the waters for this particular question and its responses.